Often known as the “Spice Queen”, cardamom is known for its rich aroma and flavor, from curries to desserts. But, besides the appeal of cooking, economic truth is a surprising economic truth—a heart-like cultivation may be a profitable opportunity for farmers’ income. Its stable demand in domestic and international markets helps ensure relatively stable prices throughout the year.
Depending on the quality and variety, cardamom drying ranges between Rs 1,000 and Rs 2,500 per kg. In addition, cardamom is widely used in industries ranging from food and beverages to drugs and cosmetics.
Is cardamom good for farmers?
Unlike seasonal crops that need to be grown every year, cardamom is a long-term investment. After planting, it will continue to produce for 10 to 15 years. A well-maintained one hectare cardamom plantation produces 400 to 800 kg per year.
The average market price per kilogram is Rs 1,500, which means annual revenues are Rs 6 to 1.2 lakh.
After deducting input costs, net profit is usually between Rs 30 and Rs 500,000 per hectare per year.
What is needed to grow cardamom?
Cardamom cultures flourish in humid tropical climates, with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 35°C, with annual rainfall ranging from 1,500 mm to 4,000 mm. Ideal areas include the Western Ghats (Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu) and parts of northeastern India.
What are the soil and environmental requirements?
Cardamom requires abundant, well-drained loam or beans with a pH range of 5.0 to 7.5. It also requires 50–60% natural shade or agroforestry systems to reproduce.
What is the agricultural process?
Farmers must be familiar with various steps, including land preparation, planting, spacing, irrigation and fertilization:
- Land preparation: Compost or cow dung deep cultivation and enrichment
- Planting: Use rhizomes or suction cups during the monsoon (preferably in July)
- spacing: High breed 2.5 x 2 m; Dwarf type 2 x 1.5 m
- irrigation: Drip irrigation is recommended, especially in dry months
- fertilizer: Equilibrium of organic (Vermicompost, FYM) and chemical (NPK) fertilizers
The cardamom plant begins production 2-3 years after planting. The pods are harvested at intervals and then dried or mechanically cured to extend the shelf life.
Does the government have any support for cardamom farming?
Yes, the government has launched several programs under the National Horticulture Mission (NHM) and the Indian Spice Council to support cardamom farmers. These include:
- Subsidy for planting materials
- Supports irrigation systems (e.g., drip irrigation)
- Grants for spice processing and storage units
- Technical training and disease management support
- Farmers can contact their local horticulture department or the regional spice committee office to obtain these benefits.
Are there any risks in cardamom breeding?
Like all crops, cardamom cultivation also poses risks such as fungal diseases, unstable rainfall and pest infections.
However, these risks can be greatly reduced through scientific agricultural practices, proper shadow regulation and integrated pest management. In addition, consistent market demand and opportunity for value-added exports (such as organic or cardamom powder) provide farmers with some protection to prevent price fluctuations.
